The internationally known International Academy of Science (IAS) in Austria is an inter- and transnational academy of science. The IAS was founded together with the International Council of Scientific Development (ICSD) in 1980 by initiative of Linus Pauling, Sir John Kendrew, Lord Alexander Todd, Andrei Sakharov, Konrad Lorenz and Ilya Prigogine (President of the IAS until 2003) and many other well known scientists of contemporaneity. Linus Karl Pauling was the Honorary President of IAS till the end of his life. Headquarters (The Presidium) of the IAS is located in the Castle Tratzberg, Jenbach/Tyrol, (Austria). Members of the Presidium (Honorary Presidents) of the Academy are the Nobel Prize Laureates: Jean Dausset (France), Johann Deisenhofer (Germany), Brian Josephson (UK), Jerome Karle (USA), Yuan T. Lee (Taiwan/USA), Heinrich Rohrer (Switzerland), and well-known scholars Yujiro Ikemi (Japan) and Georg Kahn-Ackermann (Germany). The objective of the Academy is the promotion of basic and applied research and excellence in science which could lead to effective problem solving in the 21st century.