Fudan University (simplified Chinese: 复旦大学; traditional Chinese: 復旦大學; pinyin: Fùdàn Dàxué), located in Shanghai, is one of the oldest and most selective universities in China, and is a member of the C9 League. Its institutional predecessor was founded in 1905, shortly before the end of China's imperial Qing dynasty. Fudan University is composed of four campuses, including Handan (邯鄲), Fenglin (楓林), Zhangjiang (張江), and Jiangwan (江灣). Fudan was initially known as Fudan College in 1905. The two Chinese characters Fu (復) and Dan (旦), literally meaning "(heavenly light shines) day after day", were chosen by the distinguished educator in modern Chinese history, Father Ma Xiangbo S.J. (马相伯), from the Confucian Classics (《尚书大传•虞夏传》): "Itinerant as the twilight, sun glows and moon luminesces" (日月光華，旦復旦兮). In 1911 during the Xinhai Revolution the college was taken up as the headquarters of the Guangfu Army and closed down for almost one year. The university motto comes from Analects Book 19.6(《論語•子張》): 博學而篤志,切問而近思, which means "to learn extensively and adhere to aspirations, to inquire earnestly and reflect with self application".